An individual with disabilities (IWD), also referred to as a person with disabilities, is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. Laws that protect IWDs also cover (1) individuals with a record of such impairment, and/or (2) those who are regarded as having such an impairment.
This term encompasses a broad range of conditions and abilities, including but not limited to:
- Physical Disabilities: Such as mobility impairments, chronic illnesses, or conditions affecting motor skills or physical stamina.
- Sensory Disabilities: Including vision or hearing impairments that may affect communication or mobility.
- Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: Such as Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, or cognitive impairments affecting learning or daily living skills.
- Psychiatric Disabilities: Conditions like depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or anxiety disorders that impact emotional or mental health.
- Chronic Health Conditions: Such as diabetes, epilepsy, HIV/AIDS, or other conditions that require ongoing medical management.
The definition of disability can vary depending on context, such as legal definitions under disability rights laws or medical diagnoses. Importantly, the term emphasizes the person’s abilities rather than focusing solely on limitations, recognizing that individuals with disabilities can contribute meaningfully to society and the workforce with appropriate accommodations and support. Disability rights movements advocate for equal opportunities, accessibility, and inclusion for individuals with disabilities in all aspects of life.